Organized Crime in the Corruption of Garuda Indonesia's Former Director (Analysis of the Jakarta District Court Decision)
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This study aims to analyse the profiles, criminological consequences, and legal issues of organized crime as manifested in Garuda-Rolls Royce corruption. Organised crime, especially of a transnational and corporate kind, poses an increasingly sophisticated challenge to public authority and legal systems. The former CEO of Indonesian airline Garuda Indonesia's instance, which involved cross-border corruption and money laundering, demonstrates the link between transnational organized crime and domestic governance failure. The research uses a normative juridical method and is based on the analysis of books and case documents. The sources of law on which the conviction was based. The main sources are the judgments of the Court of Fact No. 121/Pid.Sus-TPK/2019/PN Jkt.Pst and No. 122/Pid.Sus-TPK/2019/PN Jkt.Pst. Findings show that the corruption scheme involves all of the ingredients of organized crime: international participation, sophisticated money-laundering techniques, and institutional complicity. The offences were organised in a hierarchical chain involving public figures, involving the perpetrators in various countries, including government officials, business corporations, and financial men. These were operations that took advantage of legal gaps and regulatory deficiencies, and of a lack of coordination across borders. The study brings out the relevance of international legal frameworks such as the UN Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime (Palermo Convention) in reinvigorating prosecution and cooperation. Second, from a criminological perspective
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