Legal Protection For Juvenile, Female, and Elderly Prisoners in The Provisions of Facilities
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The purpose of this study is to determine the pattern of coaching female, child, and elderly prisoners and determine the inhibiting and supporting factors of coaching. To overcome problems in the implementation of the development of women, children, and elderly prisoners, synergy is needed between all parties involved, ranging from prisoners, correctional officers, and related agencies to cooperate in the implementation of training for women, children, and elderly prisoners. Normative juridical approach and empirical findings through field observations and interviews at the Surabaya Class IIA Women's Correctional Institution. The results show that the penitentiary applies a dual coaching model - personality development and independence - through religious, educational, physical, and vocational training. Some constraints such as overcapacity, inadequate facilities, lack of professional staff, community stigma, and limited economic support. These programmes reflect the spirit of Article 2 of Law No. 12 of 1995 on Corrections, which prioritises rehabilitation over punishment. However, their success depends on collaboration between correctional institutions, external stakeholders, and the wider community. Strengthening professional capacity and adopting community-based correctional models are key to addressing systemic inequalities in correctional practice.
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